Speed and Fuel Ratio Optimization for a Dual-Fuel Ship to Minimize Its Carbon Emissions and Cost

In this study, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was used to minimize the cost and carbon emissions of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) dual-fuel ship for given route. This study considered regulations emission control areas (ECA) European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS) determine optimal speed LNG/oil ratio ship. NSGA-II arrival time at each port LNG usage voyage leg as its genes. The window arrival, fuel cost, potential EU were estimate voyage. Moreover, consumption determined using historical data that divided by period, machinery, leg. results indicated could be under any price profile NSGA-II. Finally, effects differences on investigated. minimization solution susceptible being affected ECAs ETS. found have tendency travel faster-than-average speeds outside non-EU regions, slower in regions. Meanwhile, selection type showed 100% traditional oil all but with sufficiently high permit tends use